Clinical outcomes following atrophic alveolar ridge reconstruction using collagenated xenogeneic bone block or autogenous bone block: One-year follow-up of a randomized controlled clinical.

AIM: This investigation aimed to evaluate the 1-year survival of implants placed after staged lateral alveolar ridge augmentation using equine-derived collagenated xenogeneic bone blocks (CXBBs) or autogenous bone block (ABB). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty patients who underwent lateral augmentation in a previous trial were included. The primary outcome measure was implant survival at the 1-year follow-up, and secondary outcomes included implant success, peri-implant clinical and volumetric parameters, pink aesthetic scores (PES) and patient-reported outcome measures. Data analysis involved Fisher's exact test, the Mann-Whitney U-test and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. RESULTS: In this study, no late implant failures were observed. The cumulative survival rates were 78.6% for the CXBB group and 90.9% for the ABB group, with no difference between the groups. Similarly, the success rates were 53.6% and 63.6%, respectively, showing no significant difference. Peri-implant clinical and volumetric parameters indicated the presence of healthy peri-implant tissues surrounding implants placed in both CXBB- and ABB-augmented sites. PES were 8.5 and 11.0 for implants placed in CXBB- and ABB-augmented sites, respectively. Furthermore, patient satisfaction rates were high and similar between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: Dental implants placed in both CXBB- and ABB-augmented ridges demonstrated no statistically significant differences in clinical, volumetric and aesthetic outcomes, along with high patient satisfaction rates.

Radiographic outcomes of ridge reconstruction with autogenous bone block versus collagenated xenogeneic bone block: A randomized clinical trial.

AIM: To compare, at different levels from the alveolar crest, the radiographic outcomes of equine-derived collagenated xenogeneic bone blocks (CXBB) and autogenous bone blocks (ABB) used for lateral alveolar ridge augmentation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-four patients with tooth gaps in atrophic alveolar ridges with ≤4 mm were randomly assigned to lateral augmentation using CXBB or ABB. The lateral bone thickness (LBT) was measured 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 mm below the alveolar crest using CBCT scans obtained before augmentation surgery and at 30 weeks, prior to implant placement. Statistical analysis was performed using Shapiro-Wilk, Fisher's exact, Mann-Whitney, and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. RESULTS: Both CXBB and ABB resulted in significant total and buccal LBT gains at 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 mm. LBT gains were similar between CXBB- and ABB-augmented sites, except for greater buccal LBT gains at 8 mm at CXBB-augmented sites. While ABB-augmented sites gained vertical bone height, CXBB-treated sites suffered vertical bone loss (CXBB: -0.16 mm; ABB: 0.38 mm, p < .0009). CONCLUSIONS: CXBB and ABB were both associated with significant and similar LBT gains at 30 weeks.

Autogenous bone block versus collagenated xenogeneic bone block in the reconstruction of the atrophic alveolar ridge: A non-inferiority randomized clinical trial.

AIM: To compare the efficacy of equine-derived collagenated xenogeneic bone blocks (CXBB) and autogenous bone block (ABB) for lateral alveolar ridge augmentation and two-stage implant placement. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-four patients with tooth gaps up to four teeth and atrophic alveolar ridges with ≤4 mm were randomly assigned to lateral augmentation using CXBB or ABB. Lateral bone thickness (LBT) was measured 2 mm below the alveolar crest at augmentation surgery and 30 weeks later at implant placement. Implant-related outcomes, adverse events, surgery duration, pain sensation, analgesic consumption, and oral health-related quality of life were also assessed. Data were analysed using Fisher's exact, Mann-Whitney, and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. RESULTS: At 30 weeks, the median change in LBT amounted to 2.90 (CXBB) and 3.00 (ABB), respectively. Secondary endpoints demonstrated similar results for CXBB and ABB in terms of possibility to place an implant, need to perform a secondary bone augmentation at implant placement and rate of complications. Early implant failure was 20% for CXBB and 10% for ABB, with no difference between the groups. Pain scores and post-operative consumption of analgesics were significantly lower in the CXBB group than in the ABB group, especially during the first days post-surgery. CONCLUSIONS: CXBB is non-inferior to ABB for horizontal alveolar ridge augmentation and two-stage implant placement.

Simultaneous Assessment of Soft and Hard Tissue Behaviors After Alveolar Ridge Preservation Using Bone Substitutes.

This study aimed to simultaneously assess hard and soft tissues alterations and their proportions after alveolar ridge preservation (ARP). Participants (n = 65) who were previously enrolled in a clinical trial investigating ARP healing were selected. The CBCT DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine) and the cast STL (stereolithographic) files of each subject were imported, segmented, and superimposed. A cross-section view of the superimposed image presented the outlines from each DICOM and STL file. The center of preserved ridge was selected in the superimposed image and used to draw the reference lines to realize the measurements. Horizontal linear measurements determined ridge width (RW) and its respective hard/soft tissue proportion (H:S) at 1, 3, 5, and 7 mm below the buccal bone crest immediately after ARP and at the 4-month follow-up. At 1 mm, the baseline RW was 11.6 mm and reduced to 10 mm after 4 months. The baseline H:S was 65%:35% and was 43%:57% at the 4-month follow-up. Considering only the buccal half of the ridge, baseline H:S was 77%:23%, while after 4 months it shifted to 58%:42%. A similar pattern was observed at 3, 5, and 7 mm but with decreased resorption degree. The present study showed that hard tissue is mostly responsible for RW loss after healing, especially in the first 3 mm below the buccal bone crest. Soft tissue partially compensated for the hard tissue shrinkage, gaining thickness in the analyzed areas.

Peri-implant tissue changes at sites treated with alveolar ridge preservation in the aesthetic zone: Twenty-two months follow-up of a randomized clinical trial.

AIM: To compare tissue changes at implant sites previously treated with two biomaterials for alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) in the aesthetic zone, 1 year after restoration. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-six participants were treated with ARP using demineralized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) or DBBM +10% of collagen (DBBM-C), both covered with a collagen matrix (CM). Dental implants were placed, and definitive crowns were installed. Silicon impressions were taken before tooth extraction (T0), 2 weeks after crown insertion (T1) and 1 year after restoration (T2). Mid-facial mucosal level change (MLC), soft tissue thickness changes (TT), and marginal bone loss (MBL) were analysed using inter-group comparisons. RESULTS: Fifty-four participants were included in the analysis. The mid-facial level change between T0-T1 and T1-T2 showed no statistical difference between DBBM and DBBM-C. Between T0 and T1 for soft tissue thickness, DBBM performed significantly better at 3 and 5 mm below the mucosal margin. From T1 to T2, no significant differences between groups were found at any level for soft tissue thickness and MBL. CONCLUSION: At the aesthetic zone, advanced recession from tooth extraction to crown placement can be expected at sites treated with ARP regardless of biomaterial used. However, after crown insertion, tissue stability can be predicted.

DSC analysis and evaluation of forces released on deactivation of 0.40-mm (0.016") orthodontic thermo-activated NiTi wires: An in vitro study.

Background. This study evaluated the phase transformation of NiTi orthodontic wires and forces they release on deactivation. Methods. The structural phase transformations of the following five thermo-activated nickel-titanium (NiTi) wires were evaluated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC): Flexy Thermal Sentalloy® (GAC International), NiTi (35ºC) (Eurodonto), Thermo-Plus® (Morelli), FlexyNiTi® Flexy Thermal (35ºC) (Orthometric) and Damon® CuNiTi (35ºC) (ORMCO Corp.). The wires had a cross-section of 0.40 mm (0.016"). In addition, the forces they released were investigated using the three-point bending test. Five arches of each wire were tested using DSC (-20/80ºC at 10ºC/min), and six arches from each wire were sectioned for bending tests. The data were analyzed with ANOVA and post hoc Tukey tests. Pearson's correlation test was performed between the results yielded by the DSC tests and those by three-point analyses (P=0.05). Results. The DSC analysis showed differences between the NiTi alloys from all the manufacturers, with no differences between the lots of the same brand. ORMCO and Orthometric wires exhibited similar TTR values in cooling (P=0.49), and statistically similar TTR values in heating (P=0.056). The three-point bending test showed different patterns in releasing forces. A correlation was found between the DSC analysis and the three-point bending test results. Conclusion. The higher the temperature transformation was, the larger was the variation of force. All the wires presented higher forces at 3-mm deflection from 155 (±12.3) to 168.1 (±8) cN. The DSC analysis and the three-point bending test showed differences between the NiTi alloys from all the manufacturers.

Prevalence of horizontal alveolar changes in edentulous patients: a retrospective tomographic study.

Horizontal bone loss after tooth extraction is a common finding that demands bone reconstruction in various cases. The aim of this study was to assess the horizontal alveolar status in partially and completely edentulous patients using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). In total, 1516 CBCT scans of 1404 adult patients were analyzed. Assessment of the images was performed in accordance with the previously published horizontal alveolar change (HAC) classification, which categorizes horizontal bone defects into four classes: HAC 1, HAC 2, HAC 3 and HAC 4 (from the least severe to the most severe condition). Analysis of 1048 scans from partially edentulous patients presented a distribution of 63.55%, 22.14%, 13.36% and 0.95% in HAC 1, HAC 2, HAC 3 and HAC 4, respectively. Analysis of 468 scans from completely edentulous patient images presented a distribution of 19.87%, 28.63%, 41.67% and 9.83% in HAC 1, HAC 2, HAC 3 and HAC 4, respectively. Based on these results, as in HAC 4, no cancellous bone was found between the cortical buccal and lingual/palatal bone plates, it seems reasonable to state that the absence of cancellous bone is higher in completely edentulous patients than in partially edentulous patients. Therefore, the absence of cancellous bone seems to be higher in completely edentulous than in partially edentulous patients.

Implant-based factor as possible risk for peri-implantitis.

Peri-implantitis is currently a topic of major interest in implantology. Considered one of the main reasons of late implant failure, there is an emerged concern whether implant characteristics could trigger inflammatory lesion and loss of supporting bone. The purpose of this narrative review is to provide an evidence based overview on the influence of implant-based factors in the occurrence of peri-implantitis. A literature review was conducted addressing the following topics: implant surface topography; implant location; occlusal overload; time in function; prosthesis-associated factors (rehabilitation extension, excess of cement and implant-abutment connection); and metal particle release. Although existing data suggests that some implant-based factors may increase the risk of peri-implantitis, the evidence is still limited to consider them a true risk factor for peri-implantitis. In conclusion, further evidences are required to a better understanding of the influence of implant-based factors in the occurrence of peri-implantitis. Large population-based studies including concomitant analyses of implant- and patient-based factors are required to provide strong evidence of a possible association with peri-implantitis in a higher probability. The identification of these factors is essential for the establishment of strategies to prevent peri-implantitis.

Comparison between two bone substitutes for alveolar ridge preservation after tooth extraction: Cone-beam computed tomography results of a non-inferiority randomized controlled trial.

AIM: To test the non-inferiority of demineralized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) compared to DBBM with 10% collagen (DBBM-C) for maintenance of bone volume after tooth extraction in the anterior maxilla. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-six patients were randomly treated with DBBM or DBBM-C, both of which were covered with a collagen matrix for ridge preservation in the anterior maxilla. Cone-beam computed tomographic analysis was performed immediately and 4 months after treatment. The primary outcome, for which non-inferiority of DBBM was tested, was change in the horizontal ridge width 1 mm below the buccal alveolar crest (HW-1) 4 months after extraction. RESULTS: Four months after extraction, HW-1 measured -1.60 mm ± 0.82 mm for DBBM-C, while the DBBM group showed a mean loss of -1.37 mm ± 0.84 mm (p = 0.28, 0.23 [95% CI: -0.19; 0.64]). The horizontal ridge width at 3 mm (HW-3) showed -0.98 mm (±0.67 mm) for DBBM-C and -0.84 mm (±0.62 mm) for DBBM (p = 0.40, 0.12 [95% CI: -0.19; 0.45]), and the horizontal ridge width at 5 mm (HW-5) showed -0.67 mm (±0.47 mm) for DBBM-C and -0.56 mm (±0.48 mm) for DBBM (p = 0.36, 0.11 [95% CI: -0.13; 0.34]). CONCLUSIONS: The present clinical trial demonstrated non-inferiority of DBBM compared to DBBM-C for maintenance of alveolar bone volume 4 months after tooth extraction in the anterior maxilla.

Implant-based factor as possible risk for peri-implantitis

Abstract Peri-implantitis is currently a topic of major interest in implantology. Considered one of the main reasons of late implant failure, there is an emerged concern whether implant characteristics could trigger inflammatory lesion and loss of supporting bone. The purpose of this narrative review is to provide an evidence based overview on the influence of implant-based factors in the occurrence of peri-implantitis. A literature review was conducted addressing the following topics: implant surface topography; implant location; occlusal overload; time in function; prosthesis-associated factors (rehabilitation extension, excess of cement and implant-abutment connection); and metal particle release. Although existing data suggests that some implant-based factors may increase the risk of peri-implantitis, the evidence is still limited to consider them a true risk factor for peri-implantitis. In conclusion, further evidences are required to a better understanding of the influence of implant-based factors in the occurrence of peri-implantitis. Large population-based studies including concomitant analyses of implant- and patient-based factors are required to provide strong evidence of a possible association with peri-implantitis in a higher probability. The identification of these factors is essential for the establishment of strategies to prevent peri-implantitis.

Maxillary sinus floor pneumatization and alveolar ridge resorption after tooth loss: a cross-sectional study.

This is a cross-sectional study that aimed to estimate maxillary sinus floor (MSF) pneumatization in single missing tooth of posterior maxilla, by using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). CBCT images were analyzed bilaterally and divided into 2 groups: edentulous site (EdS) - edentulous single region of upper second premolar, first or second molars; Tooth site (TS) - contralateral region homologous to the EdS region, with tooth present. Variables evaluated were: sinus height (SH), estimated sinus pneumatization (eSP: ∆ EdS - TS), healed ridge height (HR) and presence of localized sinus pneumatization (LSP) in molars teeth at TS. HR were categorized according to therapeutic option for posterior maxilla. 183 CBCT scans were included and it was observed that EdS presented a higher SH than the TS (p < 0.001) showing an eSP of 0.9 ± 2.93 mm. First molars presented the highest SH for both sides, although significant differences were detected when compared to second molars. First molars were mostly affected by LSP at TS (36 out of 43). Individuals with LSP at TS presented lower HR than the ones without LSP (p < 0.05). 54% of the cases presenting LSP obtained HR < 5 mm, which indicates sinus lift surgery. The present study showed that tooth loss in posterior maxilla favors sinus pneumatization and the identification of LSP at molar roots seems to indicate a greater necessity for sinus lift surgeries.

Profilometric changes of peri-implant tissues over 5 years: A randomized controlled trial comparing a one- and two-piece implant system.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the profilometric changes of the buccal soft tissues between baseline and 5 years of loading using a one- and two-piece dental implant system. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty patients randomly received dental implants of either a two-piece type (BRA) or a one-piece type (STM). Casts were obtained at baseline (after crown insertion), at the 1-year and at the 5-year follow-up. Stereolithography files were obtained from the casts for digital superimposition. One implant and the contralateral natural tooth were selected for the analysis. Thirty-three patients (BRA = 16; STM = 17) were included. Measurements included changes for crown height (CH) and estimated soft tissue thickness, as well as the profilometric change at the implant and the tooth site. Nonparametric methods were applied for the statistical analyses and medians and quartiles presented. RESULTS: The BRA group lost -0.39 mm and the STM group lost -0.40 mm of volume between baseline and the 5-year follow-up at the implant site (p > 0.05). The tooth site lost -0.18 mm (BRA) and -0.12 mm (STM) (p > 0.05). Volume differences between implants and teeth amounted to -0.05 mm (baseline to 1 year) and -0.25 mm (baseline to 5 years) for BRA, while for STM, the values were 0.03 mm (baseline to 1 year) and -0.16 mm (baseline to 5 years). The changes for implant CH at 1 and 5 years of follow-up amounted 0.10 and 0.09 mm (BRA) and to 0.03 and 0.22 mm (STM). The changes in tissue thickness at 1 and 5 years in the BRA group amounted to -0.28 and -0.66 mm at 1 mm, -0.21 and -0.46 mm at 3 mm, and -0.32 and -0.45 mm at 5 mm, respectively. The changes in the STM group amounted to -0.15 and -0.54 mm at 1 mm, -0.24 and -0.48 mm at 3 mm, and -0.32 and -0.57 mm at 5 mm, respectively. No significantly different medians were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Minimal profilometric and linear changes occurred at implant sites between baseline and 5 years, between implant and tooth sites and between the two implant systems.

Mudanças profilométricas de tecidos peri-implantares durante 5 anos: um estudo comparando sistemas de implantes de um e dois estágios / Profilometric changes of peri-implant tissues over 5 years: a study comparing a one- and two-piece implant system

Avaliar as alterações profilométricas dos tecidos moles vestibulares entre o exame inicial e os 5 anos de acompanhamento, utilizando sistemas de implantes dentários de um e dois estágios. Sessenta pacientes receberam aleatoriamente implantes dentários de dois estágios (BRA) ou de estágio único (STM). Os modelos foram obtidos no início do estudo (após a inserção da coroa), no primeiro ano e no quinto ano de acompanhamento. Os arquivos de estereolitografia foram obtidos dos modelos para superposição digital. Um implante e o dente natural contralateral foram selecionados para a análise. Trinta e três pacientes (BRA = 16; STM = 17) foram incluídos. As medidas incluíram mudanças para altura da coroa (CH) e espessura estimada do tecido mole, bem como a mudança profilométrica no implante e no local do dente. Métodos não paramétricos foram aplicados para as análises estatísticas, medianas e quartis foram apresentados. O grupo BRA perdeu -0,39 mm e o grupo STM perdeu -0,40 mm de volume entre o início e o acompanhamento de 5 anos no local do implante (p> 0,05). O local do dente perdeu -0,18 mm (BRA) e -0,12 mm (STM) (p> 0,05). As diferenças de volume entre implantes e dentes foram de -0,05 mm (inicial a 1 ano) e -0,25 mm (inicial a 5 anos) para BRA, enquanto para STM, os valores foram de 0,03 mm (inicial a 1 ano) e -0,16 mm (inicial a 5 anos). As mudanças para CH em 1 e 5 anos de acompanhamento foram de 0,10 e 0,09 mm (BRA) e 0,03 e 0,22 mm para STM. As mudanças na espessura do tecido em 1 e 5 anos no grupo BRA foram de -0,28 e -0,66 mm a 1 mm, -0,21 e -0,46 mm a 3 mm e -0,32 e -0,45 mm a 5 mm, respectivamente. As mudanças no grupo STM foram de -0,15 e -0,54 mm a 1 mm, -0,24 e -0,48 mm a 3 mm e -0,32 e -0,57 mm a 5 mm, respectivamente. Nenhuma mediana significativamente diferente foi observada. Alterações mínimas, lineares e profilométricas, ocorreram nos locais dos implantes entre o exame inicial e os 5 anos, entre os locais do implante e do dente e entre os dois sistemas de implantes.

Maxillary sinus floor pneumatization and alveolar ridge resorption after tooth loss: a cross-sectional study

Abstract This is a cross-sectional study that aimed to estimate maxillary sinus floor (MSF) pneumatization in single missing tooth of posterior maxilla, by using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). CBCT images were analyzed bilaterally and divided into 2 groups: edentulous site (EdS) - edentulous single region of upper second premolar, first or second molars; Tooth site (TS) - contralateral region homologous to the EdS region, with tooth present. Variables evaluated were: sinus height (SH), estimated sinus pneumatization (eSP: ∆ EdS - TS), healed ridge height (HR) and presence of localized sinus pneumatization (LSP) in molars teeth at TS. HR were categorized according to therapeutic option for posterior maxilla. 183 CBCT scans were included and it was observed that EdS presented a higher SH than the TS (p < 0.001) showing an eSP of 0.9 ± 2.93 mm. First molars presented the highest SH for both sides, although significant differences were detected when compared to second molars. First molars were mostly affected by LSP at TS (36 out of 43). Individuals with LSP at TS presented lower HR than the ones without LSP (p < 0.05). 54% of the cases presenting LSP obtained HR < 5 mm, which indicates sinus lift surgery. The present study showed that tooth loss in posterior maxilla favors sinus pneumatization and the identification of LSP at molar roots seems to indicate a greater necessity for sinus lift surgeries.

Multidisciplinary Treatment for Peri-Implantitis: A 24-Month Follow-Up Case Report.

INTRODUCTION: Although osseointegrated implants are a highly predictable and effective alternative in the rehabilitation of partially or totally edentulous patients, the prevalence of implant biologic complications has been rising. This report describes a case of peri-implantitis involving multiple maxillary implants that was successfully treated by combining the removal of two implants, surgical debridement associated with implantoplasty of the remaining implants, and prosthetic design changes. CASE PRESENTATION: A 50-year-old female patient with a fixed full-arch implant-supported maxillary prosthesis presented with chief complaints of halitosis and difficulty in maintaining proper oral hygiene. Based on clinical and radiographic findings, a diagnosis of peri-implantitis was established. Two implants were removed because of advanced peri-implant bone loss and inadequate prosthetic positioning. The remaining implants were treated with access surgery, removal of granulation tissue, and implantoplasty of the exposed implant threads. Three months after surgery, an O-ring-retained bar overdenture was delivered. At 6, 12, and 24 months after treatment completion, peri-implant probing depths (PDs) were reduced significantly. None of the implants exhibited residual PDs >4 mm, bleeding on probing, or suppuration. Moreover, peri-implant bone levels remained stable over time. CONCLUSION: Surgical therapy combined with implantoplasty of the exposed threads and prosthetic design changes can be used successfully for treating peri-implantitis.

Soft Tissues Changes After Immediate and Delayed Single Implant Placement in Esthetic Area: A Systematic Review.

The aim of the present study was to conduct a systematic review of the literature to compare soft tissue aspects of immediate and delayed implant placement in esthetic areas. This review of literature was conducted in the following databases: MEDLINE (PubMed), Lilacs, Scielo, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL). For those studies that met the inclusion/exclusion criteria, the results were analyzed and summarized according to the treatment protocol used for implant placement. The primary parameters taken into consideration were papilla level (PL) and marginal mucosa level (MML) around implants. Four randomized controlled trials (RCT) were selected for analysis, but all were deemed as being of poor quality according to quality assessment. No studies reported any statistically significant differences concerning the soft tissue esthetic parameters analyzed around immediate or delayed implants at any follow-up periods reported. However, PL results seemed to be more reliable than were MML results, due to the PL standardization of the method of analysis, which showed a tendency for poorer results around immediately placed implants. In conclusion, although the results are based on only a few poor quality RCTs, both treatment options for implant placement demonstrated similar outcomes in the esthetic area, especially when PL was considered.

Radiographic prevalence of unerupted and supernumerary teeth / Prevalência radiográfica de dentes não irrompidos e supranumerários

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of unerupted third molars and supernumerary teeth in patients from Maringá and region. Methods: Panoramic radiographs of patients treated in the Dental Clinic at Ingá School of Dentistry during 2009, were evaluated. The third molars were classified according to Pell and Gregory1 and Winter2 and the supernumerary teeth according to Garvey et al.3. The results were submitted to chi-square statistical testing (p<0.05). Results: Of a total of 411 panoramic x-rays evaluated, 113 subjects had unerupted third molars and 5 patients had supernumerary teeth. For the maxillary third molars the highest prevalence was in the A vertical position (p<0.05), and for mandibular third molars it was the mesio-angular position, class 1A (p<0.05). As for the supernumerary teeth, three were canines and two incisors, 2 being in the normal position, 2 inclined and 1 inverted.Conclusion: Based on the outcomes of the present study, it can be concluded that there is a high prevalence of unerupted third molars and a low prevalence of supernumerary teeth in the studied population.

Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência dos terceiros molares não irrompidos e dentes supranumerários em indivíduos de Maringá e região. Métodos: Foram avaliadas as radiografias panorâmicas de pacientes atendidos na clínica odontológica da Faculdade Ingá durante o ano de 2009. A posição dos terceiros molares foi classificada de acordo com Pell & Gregory1 e Winter2 e os dentes supranumerários de acordo com Garvey3. Foram calculadas as frequências absolutas e relativas das variáveis estudadas e aplicado o teste Qui-quadrado (p<0.05). Resultados: De um total de 411 panorâmicas avaliadas, 113 indivíduos apresentavam terceiros molares não irrompidos e 5 pacientes tinham dentes supranumerários. Para os terceiros molares da maxila a maior prevalência foi da posição vertical A (p<0.05), e para a mandíbula foi posição mesioangular, classe 1A (p<0.05). Quanto aos dentes supranumerários, 3 eram caninos e 2 incisivos, sendo 2 na posição normal, 2 inclinados e 1 invertido.Conclusão: De um total de 411 panorâmicas avaliadas, 113 indivíduos apresentavam terceiros molares não irrompidos e 5 pacientes tinham dentes supranumerários. Para os terceiros molares da maxila a maior prevalência foi da posição vertical A (p<0.05), e para a mandíbula foi posição mesioangular, classe 1A (p<0.05). Quanto aos dentes supranumerários, 3 eram caninos e 2 incisivos, sendo 2 na posição normal, 2 inclinados e 1 invertido.

Avaliação do efeito do tratamento periodontal não-cirúrgico na hipersensibilidade dentinária / Evaluation of the non-surgical periodontal treatment effect on dentin hypersensitivity

Objetivo: avaliar o efeito do tratamento periodontal sobre a hipersensibilidade dentinária. Métodos: participaram do estudo 20 pacientes diagnosticados e tratados de periodontite crônica na Clínica Odontológica da Faculdade Ingá (Uningá), Maringá/PR. Os pacientes foram avaliados quanto à sensibilidade dentinária pela escala VAS antes do tratamento periodontal não-cirúrgico e 10 a 14 dias após seu término. Resultados: os pacientes apresentavam, antes do início do tratamento periodontal, uma sensibilidade média de 3,05±3,00, de acordo com a escala VAS. Ao final do tratamento houve uma diminuição significativa da hipersensibilidade dentinária, para um valor médio de 1,00±1,45. Conclusão: com base nos resultados obtidos, pôde-se concluir que o tratamento periodontal não-cirúrgico, associado a uma modificação dos hábitos de higiene, foi capaz de diminuir a hipersensibilidade dentinária em indivíduos com periodontite crônica.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the periodontal treatment effect on dentin hypersensitivity. Methods: This study comprised 20 patients diagnosed and treated of chronic periodontitis in the Dental Clinic of Ingá School of Dentistry - Uningá (Maringá, Brazil). Patients were evaluated for dentin sensitivity by VAS scale before non-surgical periodontal treatment and after 10 to 14 days of its conclusion. Results: According to the VAS scale, patients presented an average sensitivity of 3.05 ± 3.00 before the beginning of periodontal treatment. At the end of the treatment there was a significant reduction to 1.00 ± 1.45 in the average dentin hypersensitivity. Conclusion: Based on the outcomes of the present study, it can be concluded that non-surgical periodontal treatment, associated to a modification of oral hygiene habits, was able to reduce dentin hypersensitivity in subjects with chronic periodontitis.

Avaliação da presença de fungos na cavidade bucal, e bolsas periodontais de indivíduos saudáveis e com doença periodontal / Evaluation of fungus presence in oral cavity and periodontal pockets of healthy individual and periodontal disease subjects

A microbiota da periodontite é complexa, aproximadamente 500 espécies bacterianas já foram encontradas nas bolsas periodontais. Alguns trabalhos mostram que fungos podem também estar associados à doença periodontal. Desta forma, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a presença de fungos em pacientes com periodontite crônica, quais são os tipos de fungos presentes, e se os mesmos são encontrados também em pacientes periodontalmente saudáveis. Foram coletadas, por meio de cones de papel absorvente, amostras de biofilme das bolsas periodontais de 20 pacientes com doença periodontal crônica e dos sulcos gengivais de 20 pacientes periodontalmente saudáveis. Todos os pacientes também fizeram enxágue bucal para verificação de fungos na cavidade bucal. As amostras foram armazenadas em solução salina e semeadas em CHROMagar para determinar o crescimento de fungos, que depois foram identificados individualmente. Sete pacientes do grupo teste e nenhum do grupo controle apresentaram algum tipo de fungo na cavidade bucal e bolsas periodontais (p<0,05). A espécie mais comum foi de Candida tropicalis, seguida pela Candida albicans. Não houve diferença significativa quanto ao gênero ou faixa etária para a presença de fungos. Dentro dos limites do presente estudo pode se esperar encontrar fungos em cerca de 1 em cada 3 indivíduos com doença periodontal, independente do gênero ou idade.

The microbiota of periodontitis is complex and about 500 bacterial species have been found in periodontal pockets. Some studies show that fungi can also be associated with periodontal disease. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the presence of fungi in patients with chronic periodontitis, which types of fungi were present and if they are also found in periodontally healthy patients. Samples of biofilm from periodontal pockets of 20 patients with chronic periodontal disease and gingival crevices of 20 periodontally healthy patients were collected by means of absorbent paper cones All patients also had oral rinse for verification of fungi in the oral cavity. The samples were stored in saline solution and plated on CHROMagar to determine the growth of fungi. which have been individually identified. Seven patients in the test group and none in the control group had some type of fungus in the oral cavity and periodontal pockets (p < 0,05). The most common species was Candida tropicalis, followed by Candida albicans. There was no significant differences regarding gender or age for the presence of fungi. Withinthe limits of the present study. it can expect to find fungi in about 1 of 3 patients with periodontal disease, independent of gender or age.